5G Ultra-dense networks with non-uniform Distributed Users

TL;DR

This paper investigates how non-uniform user distribution affects 5G ultra-dense network performance, using the R&A model and queueing theory to analyze coverage, throughput, and energy efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of non-uniform user distribution impacts on UDNs using the R&A model and queueing theory, filling a gap in existing uniform-distribution assumptions.

Findings

Non-uniform user distribution significantly impacts network performance.

Coverage probability varies with user density in hot areas.

Energy efficiency is affected by user distribution patterns.

Abstract

User distribution in ultra-dense networks (UDNs) plays a crucial role in affecting the performance of UDNs due to the essential coupling between the traffic and the service provided by the networks. Existing studies are mostly based on the assumption that users are uniformly distributed in space. The non-uniform user distribution has not been widely considered despite that it is much closer to the real scenario. In this paper, Radiation and Absorbing model (R&A model) is first adopted to analyze the impact of the non-uniformly distributed users on the performance of 5G UDNs. Based on the R&A model and queueing network theory, the stationary user density in each hot area is investigated. Furthermore, the coverage probability, network throughput and energy efficiency are derived based on the proposed theoretical model. Compared with the uniformly distributed assumption, it is shown that non-uniform user distribution has a significant impact on the performance of UDNs.