Improving mechanical sensor performance through larger damping

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that nanomechanical sensor frequency stability can be decoupled from quality factor, with increased damping improving stability at low bandwidths and high signal-to-noise ratios at high bandwidths.

Contribution

It reveals that damping can enhance sensor stability independently of the quality factor, challenging traditional assumptions and enabling high-performance sensors in various environments.

Findings

Frequency stability can be independent of quality factor.

Increased damping improves stability at low bandwidths.

High signal-to-noise ratio mitigates quality factor reduction at high bandwidths.

Abstract

Mechanical resonances are used in a wide variety of devices; from smart phone accelerometers to computer clocks and from wireless communication filters to atomic force microscope sensors. Frequency stability, a critical performance metric, is generally assumed to be tantamount to resonance quality factor (the inverse of the linewidth and of the damping). Here we show that frequency stability of resonant nanomechanical sensors can generally be made independent of quality factor. At high bandwidths, we show that quality factor reduction is completely mitigated by increases in signal to noise ratio. At low bandwidths, strikingly, increased damping leads to better stability and sensor resolution, with improvement proportional to damping. We confirm the findings by demonstrating temperature resolution of 50 \mu K at 200 Hz bandwidth. These results open the door for high performance ultrasensitive resonant sensors in gaseous or liquid environments, single cell nanocalorimetry, nanoscale gas chromatography, and atmospheric pressure nanoscale mass spectrometry.