The extraneous eclipses on binary light curves: KIC 5255552, KIC 10091110, and KIC 11495766

TL;DR

This study identifies and analyzes three binary systems with extraneous eclipses from Kepler data, revealing complex multiple star configurations and providing insights into their parameters and potential for further research.

Contribution

The paper reports the discovery and detailed analysis of three eclipsing multiple systems with extraneous eclipses, including a triple system and a double eclipsing binary, expanding knowledge of such systems.

Findings

KIC 5255552 is an eclipsing triple with a 862.1-day outer orbit.

KIC 10091110 is a double eclipsing binary with nearly integer period ratio.

KIC 11495766 is a probable triple with a 120.73-day binary and background binary.

Abstract

Aims. We aim to find more eclipsing multiple systems and obtain their parameters, thus increasing our understanding of multiple systems. Methods. The extraneous eclipses on the \textit{kepler} binary light curves indicating extraneous bodies were searched. The binary light curves were analyzed using the binary model, and the extraneous eclipses were studied on their periodicity and shape changes. Results. Three binaries with extraneous eclipses on the binary light curves were found and studied based on the \textit{Kepler} observations. The object KIC 5255552 is an eclipsing triple system with a fast changing inner binary and an outer companion uncovered by three groups of extraneous eclipses of $862.1(\pm0.1)$ d period. The KIC 10091110 is suggested to be a double eclipsing binary system with several possible extraordinary coincidences: the two binaries share similar extremely small mass ratios ($0.060(13)$ and $0.0564(18)$), similar mean primary densities ($0.3264(42)\;\rho_\odot$ and $0.3019(28)\;\rho_\odot$), and, most notably, the ratio of the two binaries' periods is very close to integer 2 (8.5303353/4.2185174 = 2.022). The KIC 11495766 is a probable triple system with a $\sim120.73$ d period binary and (at least) one non-eclipse companion. Furthermore, very close to it in the celestial sphere, there is a blended background stellar binary of 8.3404432 d period. A first list of 25 eclipsing multiple candidates is presented, with the hope that it will be beneficial for study of eclipsing multiples.