Frame-Induced Group Polarization in Small Discussion Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a mathematical model explaining how discussion frames influence group polarization, showing that the relationship between policy and frame can lead to extreme consensus shifts in small discussion networks.

Contribution

It presents a novel theory and mathematical model linking discussion framing to group polarization, supported by experimental validation challenging existing theories.

Findings

Model accurately predicts consensus policy based on initial preferences and network structure.

Experimental results align with the model, confirming the impact of discussion frames on polarization.

Demonstrates that framing effects can lead to extreme consensus in small groups.

Abstract

We present a novel explanation for the group polarization effect whereby discussion among like-minded individuals induces shifts toward the extreme. Our theory distinguishes between a quantitative policy under debate and the discussion's rhetorical frame, such as the likelihood of an outcome. If policy and frame position are mathematically related so that frame position increases more slowly as the policy becomes more extreme, majority formation at the extreme is favored, thereby shifting consensus formation toward the extreme. Additionally, use of a heuristic frame can shift the frame reference point away from the policy reference, yielding differential polarization on opposing policy sides. We present a mathematical model that predicts consensus policy given group member initial preferences and network structure. Our online group discussion experiment manipulated policy side, disagreement level, and network structure. The results, which challenge existing polarization theory, are in qualitative and quantitative accord with our theory and model.