The physical driver of the optical Eigenvector 1 in Quasar Main Sequence

TL;DR

This paper investigates the physical factors influencing Eigenvector 1 in quasars, focusing on the optical emission line ratio and testing if the maximum disk temperature drives EV1, using photoionization models.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis linking the accretion disk temperature to optical emission line ratios in quasars, challenging previous assumptions about EV1 drivers.

Findings

FeII/Hβ ratio decreases with increasing disk temperature

Hotter disks do not produce more FeII emission as expected

The hypothesis that disk temperature drives EV1 is unsupported by the models

Abstract

Quasars are complex sources, characterized by broad band spectra from radio through optical to X-ray band, with numerous emission and absorption features. However, Boroson & Green (1992) used Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and with this analysis they were able to show significant correlations between the measured parameters. The leading component, related to Eigenvector 1 (EV1) was dominated by the anticorrelation between the Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ optical emission and [OIII] line and EV1 alone contained 30% of the total variance. It opened a way in defining a quasar main sequence, in close analogy to the stellar main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russel (HR) diagram (Sulentic et al. 2001). The question still remains which of the basic theoretically motivated parameters of an active nucleus (Eddington ratio, black hole mass, accretion rate, spin, and viewing angle) is the main driver behind the EV1. Here we limit ourselves to the optical waveband, and concentrate on theoretical modelling the Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ to H$\mathrm{\beta}$ ratio, and we test the hypothesis that the physical driver of EV1 is the maximum of the accretion disk temperature, reflected in the shape of the spectral energy distribution (SED). We performed computations of the H$\mathrm{\beta}$ and optical Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ for a broad range of SED peak position using CLOUDY photoionisation code. We assumed that both H$\mathrm{\beta}$ and Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ emission come from the Broad Line Region represented as a constant density cloud in a plane-parallel geometry. We expected that a hotter disk continuum will lead to more efficient production of Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ but our computations show that the Fe${\mathrm{II}}$ to H$\mathrm{\beta}$ ratio actually drops with the rise of the disk temperature. Thus either hypothesis is incorrect, or approximations used in our paper for the description of the line emissivity is inadequate.