TL;DR
Casper is a proof of stake finality system that enhances proof of work blockchains with additional security features, combining research in proof of stake algorithms and Byzantine fault tolerance.
Contribution
Introducing Casper, a novel proof of stake overlay that improves blockchain finality and security against reversions and crashes.
Findings
Provides strong security against long-range revisions
Ensures finality in proof of work blockchains
Offers defenses against catastrophic crashes
Abstract
We introduce Casper, a proof of stake-based finality system which overlays an existing proof of work blockchain. Casper is a partial consensus mechanism combining proof of stake algorithm research and Byzantine fault tolerant consensus theory. We introduce our system, prove some desirable features, and show defenses against long range revisions and catastrophic crashes. The Casper overlay provides almost any proof of work chain with additional protections against block reversions.
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