A characterization of the $n$-ary many-sorted closure operators and a many-sorted Tarski irredundant basis theorem

TL;DR

This paper extends classical theorems on $n$-ary closure operators and irredundant bases from single-sorted to many-sorted algebraic structures, providing new characterizations and bounds in the many-sorted context.

Contribution

It introduces many-sorted versions of key theorems on $n$-ary closure operators and irredundant bases, with conditions for uniformity in the many-sorted setting.

Findings

Established many-sorted characterization of $n$-ary closure operators.

Proved bounds on the sizes of irredundant bases in many-sorted structures.

Extended Tarski's irredundant basis theorem to many-sorted algebra.

Abstract

A theorem of single-sorted algebra states that, for a closure space $(A,J)$ and a natural number $n$, the closure operator $J$ on the set $A$ is $n$-ary if, and only if, there exists a single-sorted signature $\Sigma$ and a $\Sigma$-algebra $\mathbf{A}$ such that every operation of $\mathbf{A}$ is of an arity $\leq n$ and $J = \mathrm{Sg}_{\mathbf{A}}$, where $\mathrm{Sg}_{\mathbf{A}}$ is the subalgebra generating operator on $A$ determined by $\mathbf{A}$. On the other hand, a theorem of Tarski asserts that if $J$ is an $n$-ary closure operator on a set $A$ with $n\geq 2$, and if $i<j$ with $i$, $j\in \mathrm{IrB}(A,J)$, where $\mathrm{IrB}(A,J)$ is the set of all natural numbers $n$ such that $(A,J)$ has an irredundant basis ($\equiv$ minimal generating set) of $n$ elements, such that $\{i+1,\ldots, j-1\}\cap \mathrm{IrB}(A,J) = \varnothing$, then $j-i\leq n-1$. In this article we state and prove the many-sorted counterparts of the above theorems. But, we remark, regarding the first one under an additional condition: the uniformity of the many-sorted closure operator.