Worldlines and worldsheets for non-abelian lattice field theories: Abelian color fluxes and Abelian color cycles

TL;DR

This paper explores reformulating non-abelian lattice field theories using worldlines and worldsheets through Abelian color fluxes and cycles, enabling exact dual representations and simulations at finite chemical potential.

Contribution

It introduces a dual variable approach for non-abelian theories, transforming degrees of freedom into flux variables and deriving constraints that lead to worldline and worldsheet formulations.

Findings

Successful reformulation of SU(2) models with chemical potential

Simulation results demonstrating worldline dynamics at finite density

Framework applicable to lattice gauge theories with fermions

Abstract

We discuss recent developments for exact reformulations of lattice field theories in terms of worldlines and worldsheets. In particular we focus on a strategy which is applicable also to non-abelian theories: traces and matrix/vector products are written as explicit sums over color indices and a dual variable is introduced for each individual term. These dual variables correspond to fluxes in both, space-time and color for matter fields (Abelian color fluxes), or to fluxes in color space around space-time plaquettes for gauge fields (Abelian color cycles). Subsequently all original degrees of freedom, i.e., matter fields and gauge links, can be integrated out. Integrating over complex phases of matter fields gives rise to constraints that enforce conservation of matter flux on all sites. Integrating out phases of gauge fields enforces vanishing combined flux of matter- and gauge degrees of freedom. The constraints give rise to a system of worldlines and worldsheets. Integrating over the factors that are not phases (e.g., radial degrees of freedom or contributions from the Haar measure) generates additional weight factors that together with the constraints implement the full symmetry of the conventional formulation, now in the language of worldlines and worldsheets. We discuss the Abelian color flux and Abelian color cycle strategies for three examples: the SU(2) principal chiral model with chemical potential coupled to two of the Noether charges, SU(2) lattice gauge theory coupled to staggered fermions, as well as full lattice QCD with staggered fermions. For the principal chiral model we present some simulation results that illustrate properties of the worldline dynamics at finite chemical potentials.