Quantum return probability of a system of $N$ non-interacting lattice fermions

TL;DR

This paper calculates the exact quantum return probability for a system of non-interacting lattice fermions performing continuous-time quantum walks, revealing parity-dependent decay behaviors and deriving closed-form expressions using Mehta integrals.

Contribution

It provides the first exact analytical expressions for the return probability of lattice fermions with parity-dependent decay, including boundary effects, using advanced integral techniques.

Findings

Return probability decays as a power law for even N

Oscillatory decay for odd N due to parity effects

Closed-form expressions derived using Mehta integrals

Abstract

We consider $N$ non-interacting fermions performing continuous-time quantum walks on a one-dimensional lattice. The system is launched from a most compact configuration where the fermions occupy neighboring sites. We calculate exactly the quantum return probability (sometimes referred to as the Loschmidt echo) of observing the very same compact state at a later time $t$. Remarkably, this probability depends on the parity of the fermion number -- it decays as a power of time for even $N$, while for odd $N$ it exhibits periodic oscillations modulated by a decaying power law. The exponent also slightly depends on the parity of $N$, and is roughly twice smaller than what it would be in the continuum limit. We also consider the same problem, and obtain similar results, in the presence of an impenetrable wall at the origin constraining the particles to remain on the positive half-line. We derive closed-form expressions for the amplitudes of the power-law decay of the return probability in all cases. The key point in the derivation is the use of Mehta integrals, which are limiting cases of the Selberg integral.