Evaporation and Antievaporation instabilities

TL;DR

This paper reviews (anti)evaporation phenomena in various theories of gravity, highlighting their instability effects on black hole horizons and contrasting their thermodynamics with standard black holes.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of (anti)evaporation effects across multiple gravity theories, emphasizing conceptual and technical insights and open problems.

Findings

(Anti)evaporation effects are instabilities of black hole horizons.

These phenomena occur in quantum dilaton-gravity, $f(R)$, $f(T)$, string-inspired, and brane-world models.

They exhibit different thermodynamics compared to classical black holes.

Abstract

We review (anti)evaporation phenomena within the context of quantum gravity and extended theories of gravity. The (anti)evaporation effect is an instability of the black hole horizon discovered in many different scenarios: quantum dilaton-gravity, $f(R)$-gravity, $f(T)$-gravity, string inspired black holes and brane-world cosmology. Evaporating and antievaporating black holes seem to have completely different thermodynamical features compared to standard semiclassical black holes. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to conceptual and technical aspects of (anti)evaporation effects, while discussing problems that are still open.