The Hawking radiation in massive gravity: Path integral and the Bogoliubov method

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the consistency of Bogoliubov and Path-Integral methods in deriving Hawking radiation within Massive Gravity, highlighting how extra degrees of freedom affect observer-dependent particle perception.

Contribution

It compares two approaches for black-hole radiation in Massive Gravity, clarifying the role of extra degrees of freedom in particle creation and observer-dependent effects.

Findings

Both methods yield consistent results for Hawking radiation.

Extra degrees of freedom cause perceived additional particles at large scales.

No extra particle creation occurs at the horizon level.

Abstract

We prove the consistency of the different approaches for deriving the black-hole radiation for the spherically symmetric case inside the theory of Massive Gravity. By comparing the results obtained by using the Bogoliubov transformations with those obtained by using the Path-Integral formulation, we find that in both cases the presence of the extra-degrees of freedom create the effect of extra-particles creation due to the distorsions on the definitions of time defined by the different observers at large scales. This however does not mean extra-particle creation at the horizon level. Instead, the apparent additional particles perceived at large scales, emerge from the way distant observers define their time coordinate, which is distorted due to the existence of extra-degrees of freedom.