Modelling the KIC8462852 light curves: compatibility of the dips and secular dimming with an exocomet interpretation

TL;DR

This study models the light curves of KIC8462852 using circumstellar dust distributions, exploring how exocomets could explain dips and dimming, and predicts observable thermal emissions at various wavelengths.

Contribution

It provides a detailed model linking dust distribution and orbital parameters to observed light curves and thermal emissions, offering new insights into the exocomet hypothesis for KIC8462852.

Findings

Thermal emission constraints set lower limits on dust transit distances.

Opaque dust can explain the disappearance of secular dimming before 2010.

Infrared brightening and dimming are predicted during dust transits.

Abstract

This paper shows how the dips and secular dimming in the KIC8462852 light curve can originate in circumstellar material distributed around a single elliptical orbit (e.g., exocomets). The expected thermal emission and wavelength dependent dimming is derived for different orbital parameters and geometries, including dust that is optically thick to stellar radiation, and for a size distribution of dust with realistic optical properties. We first consider dust distributed evenly around the orbit, then show how to derive its uneven distribution from the optical light curve and to predict light curves at different wavelengths. The fractional luminosity of an even distribution is approximately the level of dimming times stellar radius divided by distance from the star at transit. Non-detection of dust thermal emission for KIC8462852 thus provides a lower limit on the transit distance to complement the 0.6au upper limit imposed by 0.4day dips. Unless the dust distribution is optically thick, the putative 16% century-long secular dimming must have disappeared before the WISE 12micron measurement in 2010, and subsequent 4.5micron observations require transits at >0.05au. However, self-absorption of thermal emission removes these constraints for opaque dust distributions. The passage of dust clumps through pericentre is predicted to cause infrared brightening lasting 10s of days and dimming during transit, such that total flux received decreases at wavelengths <5micron, but increases to potentially detectable levels at longer wavelengths. We suggest that lower dimming levels than seen for KIC8462852 are more common in the Galactic population and may be detected in future transit surveys.