TL;DR
This paper investigates how evanescent electromagnetic waves, which are localized and characterized by complex wave vectors, transform under Lorentz boosts, revealing that their helicity is not invariant unlike plane waves.
Contribution
It provides a detailed analysis of the Lorentz transformation properties of evanescent waves and their polarization, spin, and helicity, highlighting differences from plane wave behavior.
Findings
Evanescent waves' properties change under Lorentz boosts
Helicity invariance does not hold for evanescent waves
Transformation rules for polarization and spin are derived
Abstract
Polarization, spin, and helicity are important properties of electromagnetic waves. It is commonly believed that helicity is invariant under the Lorentz transformations. This is indeed so for plane waves and their localized superpositions. However, this is not the case for evanescent waves, which are well-defined only in a half-space, and are characterized by complex wave vectors. Here we describe transformations of evanescent electromagnetic waves and their polarization/spin/helicity properties under the Lorentz boosts along the three spatial directions.
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