The role of weak interactions in dynamic ejecta from binary neutron star mergers

TL;DR

This paper examines how weak interactions influence the neutron richness and entropy of matter ejected during binary neutron star mergers, highlighting the importance of neutrino effects for accurate nucleosynthesis and kilonova predictions.

Contribution

It provides a systematic analysis of weak reactions' impact on ejecta properties using full general relativity simulations with microscopic equations of state.

Findings

Shocks can both increase and decrease Ye depending on thermodynamical conditions.

Neutrino absorption significantly affects Ye and must be included in simulations.

Angular and spatial variations in neutrino luminosity influence Ye distribution.

Abstract

Weak reactions are critical for the neutron richness of the matter dynamically ejected after the merger of two neutron stars. The neutron richness, defined by the electron fraction (Ye), determines which heavy elements are produced by the r-process and thus directly impacts the kilonova light curve. In this work, we have performed a systematic and detailed post-processing study of the impact of weak reactions on the distribution of the electron fraction and of the entropy on the dynamic ejecta obtained from an equal mass neutron star binary merger simulated in full general relativity and with microscopic equation of state. Previous investigations indicated that shocks increase Ye, however our results show that shocks can also decrease Ye, depending on their thermodynamical conditions. Moreover, we have found that neutrino absorption are key and need to be considered in future simulations. We also demonstrated that the angular dependence of the neutrino luminosity and the spatial distribution of the ejecta can lead to significant difference in the electron fraction distribution. In addition to the detailed study of the Ye evolution and its dependences, we have performed nucleosynthesis calculations. They clearly point to the necessity of improving the neutrino treatment in current simulations to be able to predict the contribution of neutron star mergers to the chemical history of the universe and to reliable calculate their kilonova light curves.