Surrounded Vaidya Solution by Cosmological Fields

TL;DR

This paper explores a generalized Vaidya black hole solution embedded in various cosmological fields, analyzing its properties, geodesics, and conditions for black hole or naked singularity formation in dynamic backgrounds.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of surrounded Vaidya solutions with cosmological fields and examines their physical properties, geodesics, and energy conditions, extending previous black hole models.

Findings

New correction terms in geodesics compared to Schwarzschild black holes

Classification of solutions based on energy conditions and background fields

Analysis of dynamical and stationary limits of the solutions

Abstract

In the present work, we study the general surrounded Vaidya solution by the various cosmological fields and its nature describing the possibility of the formation of naked singularities or black holes. Motivated by the fact that real astrophysical black holes as non-stationary and non-isolated objects are living in non-empty backgrounds, we focus on the black hole subclasses of this general solution describing a dynamical evaporating-accreting black holes in the dynamical cosmological backgrounds of dust, radiation, quintessence, cosmological constant-like and phantom fields, the so called surrounded Vaidya black hole. Then, we analyze the timelike geodesics associated with the obtained surrounded black holes and we find that some new correction terms arise relative to the case of Schwarzschild black hole. Also, we address some of the subclasses of the obtained surrounded black hole solution for both dynamical and stationary limits. Moreover, we classify the obtained solutions according to their behaviors under imposing the positive energy condition and discuss how this condition imposes some severe and important restrictions on the black hole and its background field dynamics.