Is the Milky Way still breathing? RAVE-Gaia streaming motions
I. Carrillo, I. Minchev, G. Kordopatis, M. Steinmetz, J. Binney, F., Anders, O. Bienaym\'e, J. Bland-Hawthorn, B. Famaey, K.C. Freeman, G., Gilmore, B. K. Gibson, E. K. Grebel, A. Helmi, A. Just, A. Kunder, P., McMillan, G. Monari, U. Munari, J. Navarro, Q. A. Parker, W. Reid

TL;DR
This study analyzes RAVE and Gaia data to map the Milky Way's velocity fields, revealing asymmetries and complex vertical motions, and discusses how measurement uncertainties influence observed structures.
Contribution
It provides new insights into Galactic velocity asymmetries and clarifies the impact of proper motion and distance uncertainties on vertical motion interpretations.
Findings
Identified asymmetries in radial and vertical velocities.
Measured radial velocity gradients consistent with recent studies.
Supported a combination of bending and breathing modes in vertical motions.
Abstract
We use data from the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution catalogue (TGAS) to compute the velocity fields yielded by the radial (VR), azimuthal (Vphi) and vertical (Vz) components of associated Galactocentric velocity. We search in particular for variation in all three velocity components with distance above and below the disc midplane, as well as how each component of Vz (line-of-sight and tangential velocity projections) modifies the obtained vertical structure. To study the dependence of velocity on proper motion and distance we use two main samples: a RAVE sample including proper motions from the Tycho-2, PPMXL and UCAC4 catalogues, and a RAVE-TGAS sample with inferred distances and proper motions from the TGAS and UCAC5 catalogues. In both samples, we identify asymmetries in VR and Vz. Below the plane we find the largest radial gradient to be…
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