A complete equation of state for non-ideal condensed phase explosives

TL;DR

This paper develops temperature-dependent equations of state for explosives to improve simulation accuracy, successfully predicting detonation velocities for both ideal and non-ideal explosives without additional parameter tuning.

Contribution

It introduces a robust method to incorporate temperature effects into equations of state for explosives, enhancing predictive simulation capabilities.

Findings

Accurately predicts detonation velocities for unconfined and confined explosives.

Demonstrates applicability to both ideal and non-ideal explosive materials.

Matches experimental data without further parameter adjustments.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to improve the robustness and accuracy of numerical simulations of both ideal and non-ideal explosives by introducing temperature dependence in mechanical equations of state for reactants and products. To this end, we modify existing mechanical equations of state to appropriately approximate the temperature in the reaction zone. Mechanical equations of state of Mie-Gr\"{u}neisen form are developed with extensions, which allow the temperature to be evaluated appropriately, and the temperature equilibrium condition to be applied robustly. Furthermore the snow plow model is used to capture the effect of porosity on the reactants equation of state. We apply the methodology to predict the velocity of compliantly confined detonation waves. Once reaction rates are calibrated for unconfined detonation velocities, simulations of confined rate sticks and slabs are performed, and the experimental detonation velocities are matched without further parameter alteration, demonstrating the predictive capability of our simulations. We apply the same methodology to both ideal (PBX9502, a high explosive with principal ingredient TATB) and non-ideal (EM120D, an ANE or ammonium nitrate based emulsion) explosives.