Superconductivity in the Nb-Ru-Ge $\sigma$-Phase

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of a new superconducting $\sigma$-phase in the Nb-Ru-Ge system with a critical temperature of 2.2 K, characterized through various measurements, and highlights its novelty as the first ternary phase in this system.

Contribution

The study introduces the first reported ternary $\sigma$-phase in the Nb-Ru-Ge system and characterizes its superconducting properties, expanding understanding of $\sigma$-phase superconductors.

Findings

Nb$_{20.4}$Ru$_{5.7}$Ge$_{3.9}$ is a type II BCS superconductor.

Critical temperature T$_c$ is 2.2 K.

The material is stabilized only with all three elements Nb, Ru, and Ge.

Abstract

We show that the previously unreported ternary $\sigma$-phase material Nb$_{20.4}$Ru$_{5.7}$Ge$_{3.9}$ is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 2.2 K. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, resistance, and specific heat measurements were used to characterize the superconducting transition. The Sommerfeld constant $\gamma$ for Nb$_{20.4}$Ru$_{5.7}$Ge$_{3.9}$ is 91 mJ mol-f.u.$^{-1}$K$^{-2}$ and the specific heat anomaly at the superconducting transition, $\Delta$C/$\gamma$T$_c$, is approximately 1.38. The zero-temperature upper critical field ($\mu_0$H$_{c2}$(0)) was estimated to be 2 T by resistance data. Field-dependent magnetization data analysis estimated $\mu_0$H$_{c1}$(0) to be 5.5 mT. Thus, the characterization shows Nb$_{20.4}$Ru$_{5.7}$Ge$_{3.9}$ to be a type II BCS superconductor. This material appears to be the first reported ternary phase in the Nb-Ru-Ge system, and the fact that there are no previously reported binary Nb-Ru, Nb-Ge, or Ru-Ge $\sigma$-phases shows that all three elements are necessary to stabilize the material. A $\sigma$-phase in the Ta-Ru-Ge system was synthesized but did not display superconductivity above 1.7 K, which suggests that electron count cannot govern the superconductivity observed. Preliminary characterization of a possible superconducting $\sigma$-phase in the Nb-Ru-Ga system is also reported.