Advanced Satellite-based Frequency Transfer at the 10^{-16} Level

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates advanced satellite-based frequency transfer techniques achieving uncertainties at the 10^{-16} level, enabling precise intercontinental optical clock comparisons and confirming the stability and accuracy of these methods.

Contribution

The study introduces improved satellite-based frequency transfer methods (TWCP and IPPP) with uncertainties at the 10^{-16} level, enabling direct intercontinental optical clock ratio measurements.

Findings

Disagreement between TWCP and IPPP is less than 1×10^{-16} over days

Achieved 10^{-16} level uncertainty in optical clock ratio measurement

Frequency ratios are consistent with recent reports within uncertainties

Abstract

Advanced satellite-based frequency transfers by TWCP and IPPP have been performed between NICT and KRISS. We confirm that the disagreement between them is less than 1x10^{-16} at an averaging time of several days. Additionally, an intercontinental frequency ratio measurement of Sr and Yb optical lattice clocks was directly performed by TWCP. We achieved an uncertainty at the mid-10^{-16} level after a total measurement time of 12 hours. The frequency ratio was consistent with the recently reported values within the uncertainty.