Duality-mediated critical amplitude ratios for the $(2+1)$-dimensional $S=1$ $XY$ model

TL;DR

This paper numerically investigates the phase transition in the (2+1)-dimensional S=1 XY model, focusing on amplitude ratios of spin and vortex condensate stiffnesses related by boson-vortex duality.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical estimation of amplitude ratios for spin and vortex stiffnesses in the (2+1)D S=1 XY model using exact diagonalization, highlighting deviations from selfduality.

Findings

Estimated amplitude ratios $ ho_{s,v}/ riangle$ for finite clusters.

Quantitative measure of deviation from selfduality via $ ho_s/ ho_v$ ratio.

Numerical confirmation of duality relations in the model.

Abstract

The phase transition for the $(2+1)$-dimensional spin-$S=1$ $XY$ model was investigated numerically. Because of the boson-vortex duality, the spin stiffness $\rho_s$ in the ordered phase and the vortex-condensate stiffness $\rho_v$ in the disordered phase should have a close relationship. We employed the exact diagonalization method, which yields the excitation gap directly. As a result, we estimate the amplitude ratios $\rho_{s,v}/\Delta$ ($\Delta$: Mott insulator gap) by means of the scaling analyses for the finite-size cluster with $N \le 22$ spins. The ratio $\rho_s/\rho_v$ admits a quantitative measure of deviation from selfduality.