First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

TL;DR

This paper presents the most sensitive narrow-band search to date for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars using Advanced LIGO data, setting new upper limits and beating the spin-down limit for some targets.

Contribution

It introduces a novel narrow-band analysis method for continuous gravitational wave searches from known pulsars, applied to Advanced LIGO data, achieving unprecedented sensitivity.

Findings

No significant gravitational wave signals detected.

Upper limits below the spin-down limit for 5 pulsars.

First time the spin-down limit has been beaten for J1813-1749.

Abstract

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, {\it narrow-band} analyses methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of eleven pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO's first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched: in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far.