Simultaneous Multiparty Communication Complexity of Composed Functions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the communication complexity of composed functions in the simultaneous multiparty NOF model, extending known lower bounds for the majority-of-majority functions to larger block-widths and more players.

Contribution

It provides a protocol demonstrating the difficulty of computing symmetric composed functions with many players and larger block-widths, advancing understanding of the $ ext{log } n$ barrier.

Findings

Extended lower bounds to any constant block-width t>1

Developed a protocol with cost exponential in 2^t and polylogarithmic factors

Showed the difficulty of computing majority-of-majority functions in the simultaneous NOF model

Abstract

In the Number On the Forehead (NOF) multiparty communication model, $k$ players want to evaluate a function $F : X_1 \times\cdots\times X_k\rightarrow Y$ on some input $(x_1,\dots,x_k)$ by broadcasting bits according to a predetermined protocol. The input is distributed in such a way that each player $i$ sees all of it except $x_i$. In the simultaneous setting, the players cannot speak to each other but instead send information to a referee. The referee does not know the players' input, and cannot give any information back. At the end, the referee must be able to recover $F(x_1,\dots,x_k)$ from what she obtained. A central open question, called the $\log n$ barrier, is to find a function which is hard to compute for $polylog(n)$ or more players (where the $x_i$'s have size $poly(n)$) in the simultaneous NOF model. This has important applications in circuit complexity, as it could help to separate $ACC^0$ from other complexity classes. One of the candidates belongs to the family of composed functions. The input to these functions is represented by a $k\times (t\cdot n)$ boolean matrix $M$, whose row $i$ is the input $x_i$ and $t$ is a block-width parameter. A symmetric composed function acting on $M$ is specified by two symmetric $n$- and $kt$-variate functions $f$ and $g$, that output $f\circ g(M)=f(g(B_1),\dots,g(B_n))$ where $B_j$ is the $j$-th block of width $t$ of $M$. As the majority function $MAJ$ is conjectured to be outside of $ACC^0$, Babai et. al. suggested to study $MAJ\circ MAJ_t$, with $t$ large enough. So far, it was only known that $t=1$ is not enough for $MAJ\circ MAJ_t$ to break the $\log n$ barrier in the simultaneous deterministic NOF model. In this paper, we extend this result to any constant block-width $t>1$, by giving a protocol of cost $2^{O(2^t)}\log^{2^{t+1}}(n)$ for any symmetric composed function when there are $2^{\Omega(2^t)}\log n$ players.