Deutsch, Toffoli, and CNOT Gates via Rydberg Blockade of Neutral Atoms

TL;DR

This paper proposes a practical method to implement the Deutsch, Toffoli, and CNOT quantum gates using Rydberg blockade in neutral atoms, enabling tunable and efficient quantum operations crucial for quantum computing and error correction.

Contribution

It introduces a feasible approach to realize the Deutsch gate with tunable parameters and demonstrates how to implement Toffoli and CNOT gates with minimal laser pulses using Rydberg blockade.

Findings

Successfully designed a tunable Deutsch gate using Rydberg blockade.

Achieved Toffoli and CNOT gates with only three laser pulses.

Showed potential for scalable quantum information processing with neutral atoms.

Abstract

Universal quantum gates and quantum error correction~(QEC) lie in the heart of quantum information science. Large-scale quantum computing depends on a universal set of quantum gates, in which some gates may be easily carried out, while others are hard with a certain physical system. There is a unique three-qubit quantum gate called the Deutsch gate~[$\mathbb{D}(\theta)$], from which alone a circuit can be constructed so that any feasible quantum computing is attainable. As far as we know, however, $\mathbb{D}(\theta)$ has not been demonstrated. Here we design an easily realizable $\mathbb{D}(\theta)$ by using Rydberg blockade of neutral atoms, where $\theta$ can be tuned to any value in $[0,\pi]$ by adjusting the strengths of external control fields. Using similar protocols, we further show that both the Toffoli and CNOT gates can be achieved with only three laser pulses. The Toffoli gate, being universal for classical reversible computing, is also useful for QEC that plays an important role in quantum communication and fault-tolerant quantum computation. The possibility and briefness to realize these gates shed new light on the study of quantum information with neutral atoms.