The New Galaxy Evolution Paradigm Revealed by the Herschel Surveys
Stephen Eales, Dan Smith, Nathan Bourne, Jon Loveday, Kate Rowlands,, Paul van der Werf, Simon Driver, Loretta Dunne, Simon Dye, Cristina, Furlanetto, R.J. Ivison, Steve Maddox, Aaron Robotham, Matthew W.L. Smith,, Edward N. Taylor, Elisabetta Valiante, Angus Wright

TL;DR
Herschel surveys reveal a unified galaxy sequence and rapid recent evolution, challenging existing models and suggesting a new gentler galaxy evolution paradigm based on far-infrared observations.
Contribution
This paper introduces a new galaxy evolution model that accounts for Herschel survey findings, unifying galaxy populations and explaining rapid recent changes.
Findings
Galaxies form a single Galaxy Sequence rather than separate types.
Optically-red star-forming galaxies are more common than previously thought.
Existing models like the bathtub and EAGLE simulations fail to reproduce observed rapid evolution.
Abstract
The Herschel Space Observatory has revealed a very different galaxyscape from that shown by optical surveys which presents a challenge for galaxy-evolution models. The Herschel surveys reveal (1) that there was rapid galaxy evolution in the very recent past and (2) that galaxies lie on a a single Galaxy Sequence (GS) rather than a star-forming `main sequence' and a separate region of `passive' or `red-and-dead' galaxies. The form of the GS is now clearer because far-infrared surveys such as the Herschel ATLAS pick up a population of optically-red star-forming galaxies that would have been classified as passive using most optical criteria. The space-density of this population is at least as high as the traditional star-forming population. By stacking spectra of H-ATLAS galaxies over the redshift range 0.001 < z < 0.4, we show that the galaxies responsible for the rapid low-redshift…
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