Congruences modulo prime powers of Hecke eigenvalues in level $1$

TL;DR

This paper investigates the finiteness and properties of systems of Hecke eigenvalues modulo prime powers at level 1, providing complete classifications for certain moduli and exploring the distinctions between different types of eigenforms.

Contribution

It determines all systems of Hecke eigenvalues of level 1 modulo 128, extending previous results and supporting a broader conjecture on finiteness at any prime power.

Findings

Finitely many systems of eigenvalues modulo 128 at level 1.

Reduction of the finiteness question modulo 9 to a single eigenvalue.

First examples of non-weak $dc$-weak eigenforms.

Abstract

We continue the study of strong, weak, and $dc$-weak eigenforms introduced by Chen, Kiming, and Wiese. We completely determine all systems of Hecke eigenvalues of level $1$ modulo $128$, showing there are finitely many. This extends results of Hatada and can be considered as evidence for the more general conjecture formulated by the author together with Kiming and Wiese on finiteness of systems of Hecke eigenvalues modulo prime powers at any fixed level. We also discuss the finiteness of systems of Hecke eigenvalues of level $1$ modulo $9$, reducing the question to the finiteness of a single eigenvalue. Furthermore, we answer the question of comparing weak and $dc$-weak eigenforms and provide the first known examples of non-weak $dc$-weak eigenforms.