Partial restoration of spin-isospin SU(4) Symmetry and the One-QRPA method in Double Beta Decay

TL;DR

This paper introduces a one-QRPA method that partially restores spin-isospin SU(4) symmetry to predict double beta decay rates, showing modest agreement with experimental data and highlighting the importance of symmetry restoration.

Contribution

The study develops and applies a one-QRPA approach with partial SU(4) symmetry restoration, providing a new predictive framework for double beta decay calculations.

Findings

Predicted $etaeta_{2 u}$-decay moments are of the same order as experimental values.

$etaeta_{0 u}$-decay moments are about 40% smaller than other theoretical results.

Partial SU(4) symmetry restoration is essential for accurate $etaeta$-decay descriptions.

Abstract

The one-QRPA method is used to describe simultaneously both double decay beta modes, giving special attention to the partial restoration of spin-isospin SU(4) symmetry. To implement this restoration and to fix the model parameters, we resort to the energetics of Gamow-Teller resonances and to the minima of the single $\beta^+$-decay strengths. This makes the theory predictive regarding the $\beta\beta_{2\nu}$-decay, producing the $2\nu$ moments in $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{128,130}$Te, and $^{150}$Nd, that are of the same order of magnitude as the experimental ones; however, the agreement with $\beta\beta_{2\nu}$ data is only modest. To include contributions coming from induced nuclear weak currents, we extend the $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$-decay formalism employed previously in C. Barbero et. al, Nuc. Phys. A628, 170 (1998). The numerical results for the $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$ moments in the above mentioned nuclei are similar to those obtained in other theoretical studies although smaller on averag by $\sim 40\%$. We attribute this difference basically to the one-QRPA-method, employed here for the first time, instead of the currently used two-QRPA-method. The difference is partially due to the way of carrying out the restoration of the spin-isospin symmetry. It is hard to say which is the best way to make the restoration, since the $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$ moments are not experimentally measurable. The numerical uncertainties in the $\beta\beta$ moments, related with i) their strong dependence on the residual interaction in the p-p channel when evaluated within the QRPA, and ii) lack of proper knowledge of single-particle energies, have been quantified. It is concluded that the partial restoration of the SU (4) symmetry is crucial in the description of the $\beta\beta$-decays, regardless of the nuclear model used.