Falsifying cosmological models based on a non-linear electrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates a nonlinear electrodynamics model as a source of gravity to address cosmic singularities, inflation, and late-time acceleration, but finds it incompatible with current observational constraints for explaining late-time cosmic acceleration.

Contribution

It introduces a new NED-based model that aims to unify explanations for the Big Bang singularity, inflation, and late-time acceleration, and tests its viability against observational data.

Findings

NED can remove the initial singularity and realize a cyclic Universe.

Constraints from observational data suggest NED cannot explain late-time acceleration.

Current magnetic field limits from data are incompatible with NED-driven late-time acceleration.

Abstract

Recently, the nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) has been gaining attention to generate primordial magnetic fields in the Universe and also to resolve singularity problems. Moreover, recent works have shown the crucial role of the NED on the inflation. This paper provides a new approach based on a new model of NED as a source of gravitation to remove the cosmic singularity at the big bang and explain the cosmic acceleration during the inflation era on the background of stochastic magnetic field. Also, we found a realization of a cyclic Universe, free of initial singularity, due to the proposed NED energy density. In addition, we explore whether a NED field without or with matter can be the origin of the late-time acceleration. For this we obtain explicit equations for $H(z)$ and perform a MCMC analysis to constrain the NED parameters by using $31$ observational Hubble data (OHD) obtained from cosmic chronometers covering the redshift range $0 < z < 1.97$; and with the joint-light-analysis (JLA) SNIa compilation consisting in $740$ data points in the range $0.01<z<1.2$. All our constraints on the current magnetic field give $B_{0}\sim 10^{-31}\mathrm{cm^{-1}}$, which are larger than the upper limit $10^{-33}\mathrm{cm^{-1}}$ by the Planck satellite implying that NED cosmologies could not be suitable to explain the Universe late-time dynamics. However, the current data is able to falsify the scenario at late times. Indeed, one is able to reconstruct the deceleration parameter $q(z)$ using the best fit values of the parameters obtained from OHD and SNIa data sets. If the matter component is not included, the data sets predict an accelerated phase in the early Universe, but a non accelerated Universe is preferred in the current epoch...