Coherent light generation in hybrid atomic-nanophotonic integrated structures

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of creating low-threshold, coherent nanolasers by integrating atomic gases with dielectric and plasmonic nanophotonic structures, advancing active nanophotonics.

Contribution

It introduces novel hybrid atomic-nanophotonic laser designs, providing design guidelines and a density matrix formalism for their analysis.

Findings

Low-power coherent radiation achieved in hybrid systems

Design principles for atomic-nanophotonic lasers established

Potential for highly efficient, compact laser devices demonstrated

Abstract

The integration of neutral atoms with nanophotonic structures offer significant potential as a versatile platform to explore fundamental light-matter interactions as well as realizing novel quantum-optical devices. Here, we investigate the possibility of creating low-threshold micro-scale lasers in hybrid systems based on integrating room-temperature atomic gases with both dielectric and metallic nanophotonic systems. We particularly focus on studying two different devices resulting from incorporating an optically-pumped Rb-ethane mixture in a dielectric ring resonator and a plasmonic lattice. We show in both cases the combination of the optical gain provided by the atomic vapor, along with the unique field-confinement properties of nanophotonic structures, enables generating of coherent radiation, i.e. laser light, at low power levels. In addition, we provide general design guidelines for these hybrid nano-lasers and an efficient density matrix-based formalism for studying these systems. Our results demonstrate a unique route towards small foot-print, highly efficient, and fast lasers, which paves the way towards the development of a whole new class of active nanophotonic and metamaterial systems.