The relation between cosmological redshift and scale factor for photons

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified relation between cosmological redshift and scale factor to address the cosmological constant problem and explain late-time cosmic acceleration, with testable predictions via supernovae, gravitational waves, and the Sandage--Loeb effect.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model altering the redshift-scale factor relation to solve the cosmological constant problem and account for cosmic acceleration.

Findings

Model can potentially explain late-time acceleration without cosmological constant

Proposes three feasible tests: supernova time dilation, gravitational wave counterparts, Sandage--Loeb effect

Test methods are currently feasible or soon will be

Abstract

The cosmological constant problem has become one of the most important ones in modern cosmology. In this paper, we try to construct a model that can avoid the cosmological constant problem and have the potential to explain the apparent late-time accelerating expansion of the universe in both luminosity distance and angular diameter distance measurement channels. In our model, the core is to modify the relation between cosmological redshift and scale factor for photons. We point out three ways to test our hypothesis: the supernova time dilation; the gravitational waves and its electromagnetic counterparts emitted by the binary neutron star systems; and the Sandage--Loeb effect. All of this method is feasible now or in the near future.