Newborn skin reflection: Proof of concept for a new approach for predicting gestational age at birth. A cross-sectional study

TL;DR

This study explores a noninvasive optoelectronic method to estimate newborns' gestational age by analyzing skin reflectance, potentially offering a more accessible and precise alternative to current clinical assessments.

Contribution

It introduces a novel, noninvasive device measuring skin reflectance at specific wavelengths to predict gestational age, demonstrating feasibility in a cross-sectional study.

Findings

Skin reflectance at 630 nm correlates with gestational age.

Combining skin reflectance with clinical variables improves prediction accuracy.

Method shows promise but needs validation in broader populations.

Abstract

Current methods to assess the gestational age during prenatal care or at birth are a global challenge. Disadvantages, such as low accessibility, high costs, and imprecision of clinical tests and ultrasonography measurements, may compromise health decisions at birth, based on the gestational age. Newborns organs and tissues can indirectly indicate their physical maturity, and we hypothesized that evolutionary changes in their skin, detected using an optoelectronic device meter, may aid in estimating the gestational age. This study analyzed the feasibility of using newborn skin reflectance to estimate the gestational age at birth noninvasively. A cross-sectional study evaluated the skin reflectance of selected infants, preferably premature, at birth. The first-trimester ultrasound was the reference for gestational age. A prototype of a new noninvasive optoelectronic device measured the backscattering of light from the skin, using a light emitting diode at wavelengths of 470 nm, 575 nm, and 630 nm. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis models were employed to predict gestational age, combining skin reflectance with clinical variables for gestational age estimation. The gestational age at birth of 115 newborns from 24.1 to 41.8 weeks of gestation correlated with the light at 630 nm wavelength reflectance 3.3 mm/6.5 mm ratio distant of the sensor, at the forearm and sole . The best-combined variables to predict the gold standard gestational age at birth was the skin reflectance at wavelengths of 630 nm and 470 nm in combination with birth weight, phototherapy, and adjusted to include incubator stay, and sex. The main limitation of the study is that it was very specific to the premature population we studied and needs to be studied in a broader spectrum of newborns.