The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with argon microdroplets studied near the soft x-ray emission threshold

TL;DR

This study investigates the extreme ultraviolet plasma emission from liquid argon microdroplets exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses, revealing the dynamics of soft x-ray emission and electron heating mechanisms.

Contribution

It demonstrates the application of hydrodynamic simulations to analyze microplasma development and emission spectra in intense laser-argon droplet interactions.

Findings

Soft x-ray emission increases exponentially with pulse energy.

Emission yields strongly depend on pulse duration.

Hydrodynamic simulations agree well with experimental spectra.

Abstract

The extreme ultraviolet plasma emission from liquid microsized argon droplets exposed to intense near-infrared laser pulses has been investigated. Emission from the warm dense matter targets is recorded in a spectral range in between 16 and 30 nm at laser intensities of 10^14 W/cm^2. Above the emission threshold, soft x-ray radiation exponentially increases with the pulse energy whereby a strong dependence of the yields on the pulse duration is observed, which points at an effective electron collisional heating of the microplasma by inverse bremsstrahlung. Accompanying hydrodynamic simulations reveal the temporal and spatial development of the microplasma conditions. The good agreement in between the measured and calculated emission spectra as well as the extracted electron temperatures confirm that hydrodynamic simulations can be applied in the analysis of strongly excited droplets.