On the Equivalence of Complex and Quaternionic Quantum Mechanics

TL;DR

This paper argues that quaternionic quantum mechanics is fundamentally equivalent to complex quantum mechanics, showing that quaternionic systems are just complex systems with an added quaternionic structure, resolving longstanding misconceptions.

Contribution

The paper proves that quaternionic quantum systems are equivalent to complex quantum systems, using recent quaternionic operator theory and relativistic system analysis.

Findings

Quaternionic quantum systems are the quaternionification of complex systems.

Equivalence holds for quaternionic relativistic elementary systems.

Misconceptions arose from unjustified assumptions about Hilbert space multiplication.

Abstract

Due to the existence of incompatible observables, the propositional calculus of a quantum system does not form a Boolean algebra but an orthomodular lattice. Such lattice can be realised as a lattice of subspaces on a real, complex or quaternionic Hilbert space, which motivated the formulation of real and quaternionic quantum mechanics in addition to the usual complex formulation. It was argued that any real quantum system admits a complex structure that turns it into a complex quantum system and hence real quantum mechanics was soon discarded. Several authors however developed a quaternionic version of quantum mechanics and this version did not seem to be equivalent its standard formulation on a complex Hilbert space. Motivated by some recently developed techniques from quaternionic operator theory, we conjecture in this article that this not correct and that any quaternionic quantum system is actually simply the quaternionification of a complex quantum system. We then show that this conjecture holds true for quaternionic relativistic elementary systems by applying some recent arguments that were used to show the equivalence of real and complex elementary relativistic systems. Finally, we conclude by discussing how the misconception that complex and quaternionic quantum mechanics are inequivalent arose from assuming the existence of a left multiplication on the Hilbert space, which is physically not justified.