Lens elliptic gamma function solution of the Yang-Baxter equation at roots of unity

TL;DR

This paper investigates the root of unity limit of the lens elliptic gamma function solution to the star-triangle relation, revealing connections to discrete integrable equations and implications for supersymmetric gauge theories.

Contribution

It introduces a singular root of unity limit of the lens elliptic gamma function, leading to new star-triangle relations and links to classical integrable equations and gauge theories.

Findings

Derived a new star-triangle relation at roots of unity.

Connected saddle point equations to 3D-consistent integrable equations.

Discussed implications for supersymmetric gauge theories.

Abstract

We study the root of unity limit of the lens elliptic gamma function solution of the star-triangle relation, for an integrable model with continuous and discrete spin variables. This limit involves taking an elliptic nome to a primitive $rN$-th root of unity, where $r$ is an existing integer parameter of the lens elliptic gamma function, and $N$ is an additional integer parameter. This is a singular limit of the star-triangle relation, and at subleading order of an asymptotic expansion, another star-triangle relation is obtained for a model with discrete spin variables in $\mathbb{Z}_{rN}$. Some special choices of solutions of equation of motion are shown to result in well-known discrete spin solutions of the star-triangle relation. The saddle point equations themselves are identified with three-leg forms of "3D-consistent" classical discrete integrable equations, known as $Q4$ and $Q3_{(\delta=0)}$. We also comment on the implications for supersymmetric gauge theories, and in particular comment on a close parallel with the works of Nekrasov and Shatashvili.