A Shielding Property for Thermal Equilibrium States on the Quantum Ising Model

TL;DR

This paper proves a shielding property for Gibbs states in non-homogeneous quantum Ising chains, showing that zero-field sites decouple subchains, preserving their Gibbs states even under strong interactions, with implications for stability under perturbations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel shielding property for thermal states in quantum Ising models, demonstrating conditions under which subchains behave independently despite interactions.

Findings

Zero-field sites decouple subchains in Gibbs states.

The shielding property holds for single-site interfaces but not necessarily for multi-site interfaces.

Perturbations on one side do not affect the other side's equilibrium state or dynamics when shielding applies.

Abstract

We show that Gibbs states of non-homogeneous transverse Ising chains satisfy a \emph{shielding} property. Namely, whatever the fields on each spin and exchange couplings between neighboring spins are, if the field in one particular site is null, the reduced states of the subchains to the right and to the left of this site are \emph{exactly} the Gibbs states of each subchain alone. Therefore, even if there is a strong exchange coupling between the extremal sites of each subchain, the Gibbs states of the each subchain behave as if there is no interaction between them. In general, if a lattice can be divided into two disconnected regions separated by an interface of sites with zero applied field, we can guarantee a similar result only if the surface contains a single site. Already for an interface with two sites we show an example where the property does not hold. When it holds, however, we show that if a perturbation of the Hamiltonian parameters is done in one side of the lattice, the other side is completely unchanged, with regard to both its equilibrium state and dynamics.