Imaging anyons with scanning tunneling microscopy

TL;DR

This paper proposes using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to directly visualize and distinguish fractional quantum Hall anyons, including non-abelian types, by analyzing spectroscopic maps near impurities, advancing experimental detection methods.

Contribution

It introduces a novel STM-based spectroscopic approach to image and identify fractional and non-abelian anyons in quantum Hall states, providing a new pathway for experimental verification.

Findings

Spectroscopy mapping near impurities can reveal fractional statistics.

Distinct signatures in STM maps can differentiate ground states.

Locally trapped anyons produce identifiable spectroscopic signatures.

Abstract

Anyons are exotic quasi-particles with fractional charge that can emerge as fundamental excitations of strongly interacting topological quantum phases of matter. Unlike ordinary fermions and bosons, they may obey non-abelian statistics--a property that would help realize fault tolerant quantum computation. Non-abelian anyons have long been predicted to occur in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases that form in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) in the presence of a large magnetic field, su ch as the $\nu=\tfrac{5}{2}$ FQH state. However, direct experimental evidence of anyons and tests that can distinguish between abelian and non-abelian quantum ground states with such excitations have remained elusive. Here we propose a new experimental approach to directly visualize the structure of interacting electronic states of FQH states with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Our theoretical calculations show how spectroscopy mapping with the STM near individual impurity defects can be used to image fractional statistics in FQH states, identifying unique signatures in such measurements that can distinguish different proposed ground states. The presence of locally trapped anyons should leave distinct signatures in STM spectroscopic maps, and enables a new approach to directly detect - and perhaps ultimately manipulate - these exotic quasi-particles.