Flexible transparent high-voltage diodes for energy management in wearable electronics

TL;DR

This paper introduces flexible, transparent high-voltage diodes with high rectification and breakdown voltages, suitable for energy management in wearable electronics powered by triboelectric nanogenerators, demonstrating excellent electrical and mechanical performance.

Contribution

The work presents a novel design of fully transparent, flexible high-voltage diodes with optimized electrical and mechanical properties for wearable energy systems, combining experimental and simulation insights.

Findings

High rectification ratio (10^8) and breakdown voltage (150 V) achieved.

Diodes exhibit ultra-low reverse leakage current and mechanical robustness.

Successful integration into rectifier circuits for TENGs demonstrates practical application.

Abstract

This work reports flexible fully transparent high-voltage diodes that feature high rectification ratio (Rr 10 8) and high breakdown voltage (Vb 150 V) simultaneously, combined with their applications as building blocks of energy management systems in wearable electronics where triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are used as power source. Both experimental results and technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations suggest that Rr and Vb can be modulated by the offset length in an opposite tendency. The low reverse leakage current (fA/MICRON) guarantees an ultra-low power consumption in standby mode, which is a core issue in wearable device applications. Besides the unprecedented electrical performance, the diodes exhibit good mechanical robustness with minimal degradation throughout the strain and fatigue tests. By incorporating these high-voltage diodes into half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits, the high alternating current (AC) output voltage of TENGs is successfully rectified into direct current (DC) voltage and charged into supercapacitors (SCs), indicating their high integration and compatibility with TENGs, and thus their promising applications in various wearable electronic systems.