Local decoding and testing of polynomials over grids

TL;DR

This paper investigates the local decodability and testability of polynomials over grid sets, especially when the grid is not a full finite field, revealing new bounds and techniques for such codes.

Contribution

It introduces new methods for local testing and decoding of polynomials over grids with non-uniform sets, especially for the case A_i={0,1}, and demonstrates differences in complexity over various fields.

Findings

Test query complexity depends only on degree over any field.

Decoding is feasible over fields of positive characteristic but not over the reals.

A code with transitive symmetry is locally testable but not locally decodable.

Abstract

The well-known DeMillo-Lipton-Schwartz-Zippel lemma says that $n$-variate polynomials of total degree at most $d$ over grids, i.e. sets of the form $A_1 \times A_2 \times \cdots \times A_n$, form error-correcting codes (of distance at least $2^{-d}$ provided $\min_i\{|A_i|\}\geq 2$). In this work we explore their local decodability and (tolerant) local testability. While these aspects have been studied extensively when $A_1 = \cdots = A_n = \mathbb{F}_q$ are the same finite field, the setting when $A_i$'s are not the full field does not seem to have been explored before. In this work we focus on the case $A_i = \{0,1\}$ for every $i$. We show that for every field (finite or otherwise) there is a test whose query complexity depends only on the degree (and not on the number of variables). In contrast we show that decodability is possible over fields of positive characteristic (with query complexity growing with the degree of the polynomial and the characteristic), but not over the reals, where the query complexity must grow with $n$. As a consequence we get a natural example of a code (one with a transitive group of symmetries) that is locally testable but not locally decodable. Classical results on local decoding and testing of polynomials have relied on the 2-transitive symmetries of the space of low-degree polynomials (under affine transformations). Grids do not possess this symmetry: So we introduce some new techniques to overcome this handicap and in particular use the hypercontractivity of the (constant weight) noise operator on the Hamming cube.