Scattering of two spinning black holes in post-Minkowskian gravity, to all orders in spin, and effective-one-body mappings

TL;DR

This paper derives simple, all-orders-in-spin scattering formulas for two spinning black holes at first post-Minkowskian order, revealing deep equivalences with test black hole and geodesic motion in Kerr spacetime, and provides a resummed Hamiltonian for binary dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a unified framework for describing two-spinning black hole interactions at 1PM order, valid to all orders in spin, and establishes effective-one-body mappings with test-body limits.

Findings

Derived closed-form scattering results for spinning black holes.

Established equivalences with test black hole and geodesic motion in Kerr.

Provided a resummed Hamiltonian encoding binary black hole dynamics.

Abstract

We demonstrate equivalences, under simple mappings, between the dynamics of three distinct systems---(i) an arbitrary-mass-ratio two-spinning-black-hole system, (ii) a spinning test black hole in a background Kerr spacetime, and (iii) geodesic motion in Kerr---when each is considered in the first post-Minkowskian (1PM) approximation to general relativity, i.e. to linear order $G$ but to all orders in $1/c$, and to all orders in the black holes' spins, with all orders in the multipole expansions of their linearized gravitational fields. This is accomplished via computations of the net results of weak gravitational scattering encounters between two spinning black holes, namely the net $O(G)$ changes in the holes' momenta and spins as functions of the incoming state. The results are given in remarkably simple closed forms, found by solving effective Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon-type equations of motion for a spinning black hole in conjunction with the linearized Einstein equation, with appropriate matching to the Kerr solution. The scattering results fully encode the gauge-invariant content of a canonical Hamiltonian governing binary-black-hole dynamics at 1PM order, for generic (unbound and bound) orbits and spin orientations. We deduce one such Hamiltonian, which reproduces and resums the 1PM parts of all such previous post-Newtonian results, and which directly manifests the equivalences with the test-body limits via simple effective-one-body mappings.