Gravitational waves from the first order electroweak phase transition in the $Z_3$ symmetric singlet scalar model

TL;DR

This paper explores gravitational wave signals produced by a multi-step electroweak phase transition in a $Z_3$ symmetric singlet scalar model, which could be detected by future interferometers like LISA and DECIGO, providing insights into baryogenesis.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the $Z_3$ symmetric singlet scalar model predicts detectable gravitational wave spectra from a multi-step phase transition, linking particle physics and gravitational wave observations.

Findings

Significant gravitational waves are generated by the multi-step phase transition.

The model's gravitational wave spectra are within the sensitivity of future detectors like LISA and DECIGO.

The results support the testability of electroweak baryogenesis scenarios via gravitational wave measurements.

Abstract

Among various scenarios of baryon asymmetry of the Universe, electroweak baryogenesis is directly connected with physics of the Higgs sector. We discuss spectra of gravitational waves which are originated by the strongly first order phase transition at the electroweak symmetry breaking, which is required for a successful scenario of electroweak baryogenesis. In the $Z_3$ symmetric singlet scalar model, the significant gravitational waves are caused by the multi-step phase transition. We show that the model can be tested by measuring the characteristic spectra of the gravitational waves at future interferometers such as LISA and DECIGO.