Self-propulsion against a moving membrane: enhanced accumulation and drag force

TL;DR

This paper investigates how self-propulsion affects active particles interacting with a moving membrane, revealing enhanced accumulation and increased drag force, with potential applications in particle filtering.

Contribution

It introduces a model of active particles interacting with a moving semipermeable membrane, showing how propulsion influences accumulation and drag, supported by analytical and numerical methods.

Findings

Active particles with membrane velocity show increased accumulation.

Propulsion leads to a significantly higher drag force on particles.

Analytical models accurately predict density profiles and forces.

Abstract

Self-propulsion (SP) is a main feature of active particles (AP), such as bacteria or biological micromotors, distinguishing them from passive colloids. A renowned consequence of SP is accumulation at static interfaces, even in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions. Here we address the role of SP in the interaction between AP and a moving semipermeable membrane. In particular, we implement a model of noninteracting AP in a channel crossed by a partially penetrable wall, moving at a constant velocity $c$. With respect to both the cases of passive colloids with $c>0$ and AP with $c=0$, the AP with finite $c$ show enhancement of accumulation in front of the obstacle and experience a largely increased drag force. This effect is understood in terms of an effective potential localised at the interface between particles and membrane, of height proportional to $c\tau/\xi$, where $\tau$ is the AP's re-orientation time and $\xi$ the width characterising the surface's smoothness ($\xi\to 0$ for hard core obstacles). An approximate analytical scheme is able to reproduce the observed density profiles and the measured drag force, in very good agreement with numerical simulations. The effects discussed here can be exploited for automatic selection and filtering of AP with desired parameters.