Distant clusters of galaxies in the 2XMM/SDSS footprint: follow-up observations with the LBT

TL;DR

This study identifies and characterizes distant galaxy clusters beyond z~0.75 using X-ray data from 2XMM and follow-up optical observations with the LBT, contributing to understanding cluster evolution and cosmology.

Contribution

It provides new spectroscopic redshifts and X-ray properties for distant galaxy clusters, expanding the sample beyond previous optical survey limits.

Findings

Six clusters are known from literature.

Seven new clusters were spectroscopically confirmed.

The L-T relation shows no significant evolution from high to low redshift.

Abstract

Context: Galaxy clusters at high redshift are important to test cosmological models and models for the growth of structure. They are difficult to find in wide-angle optical surveys, however, leaving dedicated follow-up of X-ray selected candidates as one promising identification route. Aims: We aim to increase the number of galaxy clusters beyond the SDSS-limit, z ~ 0.75. Methods: We compiled a list of extended X-ray sources from the 2XMMp catalogue within the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Fields without optical counterpart were selected for further investigation. Deep optical imaging and follow-up spectroscopy were obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope, Arizona (LBT), of those candidates not known to the literature. Results: From initially 19 candidates, selected by visually screening X-ray images of 478 XMM-Newton observations and the corresponding SDSS images, 6 clusters were found in the literature. Imaging data through r,z filters were obtained for the remaining candidates, and 7 were chosen for multi-object (MOS) spectroscopy. Spectroscopic redshifts, optical magnitudes, and X-ray parameters (flux, temperature, and luminosity) are presented for the clusters with spectroscopic redshifts. The distant clusters studied here constitute one additional redshift bin for studies of the L-T relation, which does not seem to evolve from high to low redshifts. ...