Searches for Sterile Neutrinos at Future Electron-Proton Colliders

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of future electron-proton colliders to detect sterile neutrinos with electroweak-scale masses and large Yukawa couplings, detailing production channels, signatures, and sensitivities.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of sterile neutrino search strategies at electron-proton colliders, including novel channels and sensitivity estimates.

Findings

Identification of key production and decay channels for sterile neutrinos.

Estimation of collider sensitivities to active-sterile mixing parameters.

Comparison of electron-proton collider performance with other collider types.

Abstract

Sterile neutrinos are an attractive extension of the Standard Model of elementary particles towards including a mechanism for generating the observed light neutrino masses. We discuss that when an approximate protective "lepton number"-like symmetry is present, the sterile neutrinos can have masses around the electroweak scale and potentially large neutrino Yukawa couplings, which makes them well testable at planned future particle colliders. We systematically discuss the production and decay channels for sterile neutrinos at electron-proton colliders and give a complete list of the leading order signatures for sterile neutrino searches. We highlight several novel search channels and present a first look at the possible sensitivities for the active-sterile mixing parameters and the heavy neutrino masses. We also compare the performance of electron-proton colliders with the ones of proton-proton and electron-positron colliders, and discuss the complementarity of the different collider types.