Reconfigurable optical implementation of quantum complex networks

TL;DR

This paper proposes a reconfigurable all-optical experimental setup to create and control quantum complex networks, enabling exploration of their dynamics and interactions in laboratory conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel optical method for flexible construction and manipulation of quantum complex networks, including simulation of quantum dynamics and node-specific addressing.

Findings

Demonstrates arbitrary control over network topology and node interactions.

Shows how to simulate quantum dynamics within the network.

Proposes implementation of probing techniques for quantum networks.

Abstract

Network theory has played a dominant role in understanding the structure of complex systems and their dynamics. Recently, quantum complex networks, i.e. collections of quantum systems in a non-regular topology, have been explored leading to significant progress in a multitude of diverse contexts including, e.g., quantum transport, open quantum systems, quantum communication, extreme violation of local realism, and quantum gravity geometries. However, the question on how to produce and control general quantum complex networks in experimental laboratory has remained open. Here we propose an all optical and reconfigurable implementation of quantum complex networks. The experimental proposal is based on optical frequency combs, parametric processes, pulse shaping and multimode measurements allowing the arbitrary control of the number of the nodes (optical modes) and topology of the links (interactions between the modes) within the network. Moreover, we also show how to simulate quantum dynamics within the network combined with the ability to address its individual nodes. To demonstrate the versatility of these features, we discuss the implementation of two recently proposed probing techniques for quantum complex networks and structured environments. Overall, our general method for implementing quantum complex networks with reconfigurable set-up has potential to define an experimental playground for designing and controlling complex networks -- and dynamics therein -- for several quantum physical frameworks.