EC3: Combining Clustering and Classification for Ensemble Learning

TL;DR

This paper introduces EC3, a novel ensemble learning algorithm that combines classification and clustering to improve prediction accuracy, especially in scenarios with limited labeled data and imbalanced classes.

Contribution

The paper presents EC3, a new convex optimization-based method that merges multiple classifiers and clusterers, along with iEC3 for imbalanced data, outperforming existing methods.

Findings

EC3 outperforms 14 baseline methods on 13 datasets with up to 10% higher AUC.

EC3 is 1.21 times faster than the best baseline.

EC3 is more resilient to noise and class imbalance.

Abstract

Classification and clustering algorithms have been proved to be successful individually in different contexts. Both of them have their own advantages and limitations. For instance, although classification algorithms are more powerful than clustering methods in predicting class labels of objects, they do not perform well when there is a lack of sufficient manually labeled reliable data. On the other hand, although clustering algorithms do not produce label information for objects, they provide supplementary constraints (e.g., if two objects are clustered together, it is more likely that the same label is assigned to both of them) that one can leverage for label prediction of a set of unknown objects. Therefore, systematic utilization of both these types of algorithms together can lead to better prediction performance. In this paper, We propose a novel algorithm, called EC3 that merges classification and clustering together in order to support both binary and multi-class classification. EC3 is based on a principled combination of multiple classification and multiple clustering methods using an optimization function. We theoretically show the convexity and optimality of the problem and solve it by block coordinate descent method. We additionally propose iEC3, a variant of EC3 that handles imbalanced training data. We perform an extensive experimental analysis by comparing EC3 and iEC3 with 14 baseline methods (7 well-known standalone classifiers, 5 ensemble classifiers, and 2 existing methods that merge classification and clustering) on 13 standard benchmark datasets. We show that our methods outperform other baselines for every single dataset, achieving at most 10% higher AUC. Moreover our methods are faster (1.21 times faster than the best baseline), more resilient to noise and class imbalance than the best baseline method.