Recovering an Unknown Source in a Fractional Diffusion Problem

TL;DR

This paper investigates an inverse problem for a fractional diffusion model, aiming to identify an unknown source domain using boundary measurements, and explores how the fractional order affects the reconstruction process.

Contribution

It extends inverse source problems to fractional diffusion equations, providing uniqueness results and analyzing the impact of the fractional parameter on reconstructions.

Findings

Established uniqueness for the fractional inverse problem.

Analyzed the dependence of reconstruction accuracy on the fractional order α.

Compared classical and anomalous diffusion effects on inverse problem solutions.

Abstract

A standard inverse problem is to determine a source which is supported in an unknown domain $D$ from external boundary measurements. Here we consider the case of a time-dependent situation where the source is equal to unity in an unknown subdomain $D$ of a larger given domain $\Omega$. Overposed measurements consist of time traces of the solution or its flux values on a set of discrete points on the boundary $\partial\Omega$. The case of a parabolic equation was considered in [HettlichRundell:2001]. In our situation we extend this to cover the subdiffusion case based on an anomalous diffusion model and leading to a fractional order differential operator. We will show a uniqueness result and examine a reconstruction algorithm. One of the main motives for this work is to examine the dependence of the reconstructions on the parameter $\alpha$, the exponent of the fractional operator which controls the degree of anomalous behaviour of the process. Some previous inverse problems based on fractional diffusion models have shown considerable differences between classical Brownian diffusion and the anomalous case.