Continuous-Wave Multiphoton Photoemission from Plasmonic Nanostars

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that plasmonic gold nanostars can produce multiphoton photoemission under continuous-wave laser illumination due to intense near-field enhancements, enabling new nanoscale electron source designs.

Contribution

It introduces continuous-wave multiphoton photoemission from plasmonic nanostructures, a process previously limited to ultrashort pulses, by leveraging localized plasmonic enhancements.

Findings

3-photon photoemission achieved with continuous-wave laser

Near-field intensity enhancements exceed 1000

Good agreement between simulations and experiments

Abstract

Highly nonlinear optical processes, such as multiphoton photoemission, require high intensities, typically achieved with ultrashort laser pulses and, hence, were first observed with the advent of picosecond laser technology. An alternative approach for reaching the required field intensities is offered by localized optical resonances such as plasmons. Here, we demonstrate localized multiphoton photoemission from plasmonic nanostructures under continuous-wave illumination. We use synthesized plasmonic gold nanostars, which exhibit sharp tips with structural features smaller than 5 nm, leading to near-field-intensity enhancements exceeding 1000. This large enhancement facilitates 3-photon photoemission driven by a simple continuous-wave laser diode. We characterize the intensity and polarization dependencies of the photoemission yield from both individual nanostars and ensembles. Numerical simulations of the plasmonic enhancement, the near-field distributions, and the photoemission intensities are in good agreement with experiment. Our results open a new avenue for the design of nanoscale electron sources.