Non-conserved magnetization operator and `fire-and-ice' ground states in the Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain

TL;DR

This paper investigates a diamond chain model with non-uniform g-factors and XY-anisotropy, revealing unusual frustrated ground states and non-conserving magnetization effects in the presence of ferromagnetic couplings.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of non-conserving magnetization due to non-uniform g-factors and XY-anisotropy, expanding understanding of frustrated states in quantum spin chains.

Findings

Discovery of frustrated states with non-uniform g-factors

Identification of non-conserving magnetization effects

Extension of 'half-fire-half-ice' state to new conditions

Abstract

We consider the diamond chain with S=1/2 XYZ vertical dimers which interact with the intermediate sites via the interaction of the Ising type. We also suppose all four spins form the diamond-shaped plaquette to have different g-factors. The non-uniform g-factors within the quantum spin dimer as well as the XY-anisotropy of the exchange interaction lead to the non-conserving magnetization for the chain. We analyze the effects of non-conserving magnetization as well as the effects of the appearance of negative g-factors among the spins from the unit cell. A number of unusual frustrated states for ferromagnetic couplings and g-factors with non-uniform signs are found out. These frustrated states generalize the "half-fire-half-ice" state introduced in Ref. [8]. The corresponding zero-temperature ground state phase diagrams are presented.