A Human-Checkable Four-Color Theorem Proof

TL;DR

This paper introduces a concise, human-verifiable proof of the Four-Color Theorem, eliminating the need for computer verification and making the proof accessible for manual checking.

Contribution

It provides a novel, human-checkable proof of the Four-Color Theorem, differing from previous computer-assisted proofs.

Findings

Proof is short and simple enough for human verification

Key idea enables human-checkable verification

Global structure of proof is clearly presented

Abstract

This paper presents a short and simple proof of the Four-Color Theorem that can be utterly checkable by human mathematicians, without computer assistance. The new key idea that has allowed it and the global structure of the proof are presented in the Introduction.