Order parameter and detection for crystallized dipolar bosons in lattices

TL;DR

This paper investigates the phase transition to a crystalline state in dipolar bosons within a 1D optical lattice, introducing an order parameter and experimental detection methods for the crystal phase.

Contribution

It introduces a new order parameter based on the eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix to characterize the crystallization of dipolar bosons in lattices.

Findings

Crystallization occurs for strong dipolar interactions.

The phase diagram aligns with density and two-body density analysis.

Experimental detection via variance of single-shot measurements is feasible.

Abstract

We explore the ground-state properties of bosons with dipole-dipole interactions in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Remarkably, a crystallization process happens for strong dipolar interactions. Herein, we provide a detailed characterization and a way to measure the resulting crystal phase. Using the eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix we define an order parameter that yields a phase diagram in agreement with an analysis of the density and two-body density. We demonstrate that the phase diagram can be detected experimentally using the variance of single-shot measurements.