XMM-Newton X-ray and HST weak gravitational lensing study of the extremely X-ray luminous galaxy cluster ClJ120958.9+495352 ($z=0.902$)

TL;DR

This study combines X-ray and weak lensing observations to analyze the properties of the extremely luminous, high-redshift galaxy cluster ClJ120958.9+495352, revealing a rare cool core and providing insights into its mass and gas fraction.

Contribution

First combined XMM-Newton X-ray and HST weak lensing analysis of a high-redshift, extremely luminous galaxy cluster, revealing a rare cool core at z=0.902.

Findings

Cluster has a very high X-ray luminosity of ~13.4×10^{44} erg/s.

Evidence of a cool core at high redshift, rare for such distant clusters.

Estimated cluster mass of approximately 4.4×10^{14} solar masses.

Abstract

Observations of relaxed, massive and distant clusters can provide important tests of standard cosmological models e.g. using the gas mass fraction. We study the very luminous, high redshift ($z=0.902$) galaxy cluster ClJ120958.9+495352 using XMM-Newton data and measure the temperature profile and cooling time to investigate the dynamical status with respect to the presence of a cool core as well as global cluster properties. We use HST weak lensing data to estimate its total mass and determine the gas mass fraction. We perform a spectral analysis using an XMM-Newton observation of 15ks cleaned exposure time. As the treatment of the background is crucial, we use two different approaches to account for the background emission to verify our results. We account for point-spread-function effects and deproject our results to estimate the gas mass fraction of the cluster. We measure weak lensing galaxy shapes from mosaic HST imaging and select background galaxies photometrically in combination with imaging data from the William Herschel Telescope. The X-ray luminosity of ClJ120958.9+495352 in the 0.1-2.4keV band estimated from our XMM-Newton data is $L_X = (13.4_{-1.0}^{+1.2})\times10^{44}$erg/s and thus it is one of the most X-ray luminous clusters known at similarly high redshift. We find clear indications for the presence of a cool core from the temperature profile and the central cooling time, which is very rare at such high redshifts. Based on the weak lensing analysis we estimate a cluster mass of $M_\mathrm{500}/10^{14}M_\odot=4.4^{+2.2}_{-2.0}(\mathrm{stat.})\pm0.6(\mathrm{sys.})$ and a gas mass fraction of $f_\mathrm{gas,2500} = 0.11_{-0.03}^{+0.06}$ in good agreement with previous findings for high redshift and local clusters.